Women in World War 2 - 888 Words

â€Å"We can do it!† is what the famous Rosie the Riveter poster exclaimed. Most Americans know the iconic picture of Rosie the Riveter, depicted as a strong and independent young women working to help the war effort. It was 1941 and the United States finally entered World War II. Most propaganda of the United States encouraged the average women to join the workforce and help with the war effort. With men fighting abroad, it was only necessary for women to start working and leave their normal lives of being a mother and wife. The War Department of the United States emphasized that with women working hard their sons, brothers, and husbands could return quicker (Women at War). Women became employed, volunteered, helped with the armed forces, became nurses, and some even became spies all to help the United States prevail in the war. During World War 2, women began gaining independence and without that the United States would of not been able to win the war. In 1940, a year befor e the United States joined World War II, a draft was placed for all men between the ages of 21 and 36. In 1942, when the United States finally entered the war, the draft became larger with men between the ages of 18 to 37 becoming eligible (United States imposes the draft). With men being drafted into war, they had to leave their families and there jobs. People were still needed to work in stores and especially in factories that were now being used to create equipment for war. Most women before the warShow MoreRelatedWomen And Women During World War 2878 Words   |  4 PagesIn society, men and women serve different task. Usually men do the heavier work, while women do smoother work. Women have a difficult time due to the fact that most men think that women are property, rather than a person. Therefore, women came to the conclusion that they do not want to follow the norm anymore because they know what they are capable of. The term feminism can be defined as women who want to be in the same level of equality in political, economic, and social as men are. Although manyRead MoreFashion Influenced by Ww21739 Words   |  7 PagesWhat Impact has World War 2 had on Fashion? For this assignment I have been asked to select an aspect of fashion culture to research and investigate. I have decided to base my assignment on World War 2 and investigate the impact it has had on fashion culture as a whole. I have chosen a history based theme for my assignment as I personally believe that history plays a main part in todays fashion culture, and I also think it is very interesting to see how designers today revive fashion from the pastRead MoreWomen and their Involvement in World War II Essay787 Words   |  4 PagesWomen and their Involvement in World War II Women had a huge role in the World War II that so many do not recognize. Women were involved in many different jobs that allowed them to step out of the ordinary norm as the â€Å"typical housewife†, and dive into fierce hardworking jobs that until then only a man could do. Women jumped into the factories and many different roles that contributed to World War II, because the need for more American workers was crucial. A few roles of women prior to theRead MoreRole Of Women After Ww2 And How Did This Change After?831 Words   |  4 Pagesrole of women before ww2 and how did this change after? Before World War 2 commenced, women s roles in Australia were extremely different to now. The Australian government believed that women were not needed to perform in any sort of military service, however, once the war began it was thought otherwise (Ergo.slv.vic.gov.au, 2015). The roles of women changed significantly during this time, specifically around the 1940 s. The social, political, and economic rights for Australian women were allRead MoreThe Experiences Of Australian Women1114 Words   |  5 Pagesexperiences of Australian women in both World War 1 and World War 2 were similar but also different. WWI was fought from 1914 to 1918, and WW2 was fought from 1939 to 1945. These were the biggest military conflicts in the history of man. The main areas of change in Australian women around these times were employment, roles and positions in the war, and the attitudes towards women at these times. In WW1, the main occupation for Australian women was nursing. In World War 2, however, women were given the opportunityRead MoreEssay about American Minorities during World War II1446 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the time of World War II, there was a dramatic change in the society of America and its way of life. Men were needed at war and the women were left at home. People were mistrusted and were falsely accused of something they didn’t do. Some people were even pushed away because they were different. These people were the minorities of America. Some of the minorities it affected the most were the African Americans, women, Japanese Americans, and even young adults. What is a minority? A minorityRead MoreWestern Culture : World War 2 : How Has It Affected Our Culture Today?1510 Words   |  7 PagesWestern Culture: World War 2: How has it affected our Culture Today? In the mid-twenties, the world was affected by a numerous amount of significant wars, but the one that I will be focusing on is known as World War 2 (WW2). WW2 started 21 years after World War 1 from 1939 to 1945. It was an extremely deadly war, one of the deadliest wars in war history to be exact. According to the textbook, Handbook for the Humanities during its six-year period the war left over seventeen million soldiers andRead MoreTheu.s. Roosevelt s New Deal787 Words   |  4 PagesHistory. America was also facing many years of wartime through those years, which led to both problems and solutions for citizens. The federal state expanded from the workings of both the First and Second New Deal, the economic impact resulting from World War 2,and from the G.I. Bill. Roosevelt’s New Deal was a series of federal programs launched in 1933 in attempt to restore America’s economy from the Great Depression. By 1932, the worst year of the Depression, more than 13 million workers were unemployedRead MoreThe Role Of Women During World War I907 Words   |  4 PagesThe Role of Women In War. The role of women in war has varied significantly throughout British History. During world War 1 womens role was constricted as many worked in the industry of textiles , knitting and munitions. This said they played a pivotal role in the war effort as 23.8 million in britain were all working. Voluntary and paid positions were taken up as unfamiliar roles to women, Nevertherless this was recquired in order to sustain the living of many families. World War 1 illustratedRead MoreMexican American Forgotten in History1392 Words   |  6 PagesWorld War II brought forward the opportunity for many Mexican Americans to show their commitment to this country . United states was lacking men labor because of the recruitment of men for the army. This gave hope for many that wanted to escape their harsh lives back at home. This war was a fight for power and United States needed more support, which led them seeking help. Latinos made great contributions in World War II efforts but still are thos e like Ken Burns who believes otherwise . World

An Honest View of Evaluation Argument Essay Topics

An Honest View of Evaluation Argument Essay Topics Evaluation Argument Essay Topics Explained Essay writing examples in doc format like the ones given may help steer you in writing an excellent composition. 1 thing that we highly suggest you need to do is to earn a draft or an outline of the discussion that you'd like to have. You should be ready to rewrite your essay a couple times to get it just perfect. Few weeks of constant work and you'll be writing expert material! As soon as you have something down on paper it is significantly less difficult to restructure it and flesh out areas that aren't as strong as others. You may get in touch with your writer through our support department should you need to specify some essential points to earn your work more customized. Topics which people are passionate about seem to create improved papers. The students discover that it's quite challenging to compose such papers. You should simply locate an exceptional perspective. You ar e the person making the judgement about this issue, it is all up to you to back up your argument in a manner that will enable other people to create their own opinion. To begin with it is crucial to have an original thinking about the topic. After you have gathered ideas on the subject, you must properly place your thoughts into words. Once more, in the event the criteria, judgments and evidence are clear, the general thesis ought to be too. It is all of the information used to support the judgement. In your essay, you should devote a minumum of one paragraph to every criterion. Then, paragraphs discuss every one of your criteria and present evidence to back up your reasoning. Things You Should Know About Evaluation Argument Essay Topics Our technology addiction is fueled in a sizable part by social networking. Evaluation essays can cover a great deal of topics that is the reason why it is employed in an array of industries and processes. Anevaluation essay is an ideal method that may ascertain if one has leadership qualities. Essay writing can be rather a challenge. Sample evaluation essay will be able to help you to compose your mind what you would like to write. You may also take a look at our Scholarship Essay templates. To begin with, make an evaluation essay outline. There are various sorts of essays that may be part of a student writing task. What you have to know about how to compose an evaluation essay is you ought to incorporate every one of your evaluating objects into your essay. If you're writing an evaluation essay, you should remain objective with the content which you are presenting. The first thing you have to do when writing an evaluation essay is to be knowledgeable regarding the topic you will write about. There are various kinds of evaluation essays and you ought to bear in mind that each one of them have differences based on the aim of their creation. In cases, where the issue of climbing enrollment perseveres, it's usually crucial to get the information in conditions of inputs and corresponding outputs. Onset of the evaluation procedure, the initial policy goals ought to be looked in order to guide the practice of evaluation. You've got to spell out how you had the ability to produce the evaluation including the specifica tion of the things you've considered within the entirety of the evaluation and writing process. Naturally, picking the right topic also is dependent on the duration of your paper. The topic of the site is hugely on the corporate colors of the business, which makes a feeling of the business even on the internet platform. Our templates can act as your reference that will help you construct your own. If you're searching for Argumentative Essay templates, you may also have a look at our offered templates. Finding Evaluation Argument Essay Topics Online The criteria that you pick should establish what the ideal is for the item, service or brand that you're evaluating. By turning into a customer, you can observe how we've come to be the most preferred academic paper writing company of several students. The very best college essay writing service is working in the marketplace for many years. When choosing your subject, you're likely to want to concentrate on a particular company, p roduct, policy, or business.

Advance Accounting Analysis

Question: Discuss about the Advance Accounting Analysis. Answer: Introduction: The current report is based on the assessment of the accounting information in order to determine the needs of the users of monetary reports as laid down under the conceptual framework of accounting. The report simultaneously also determines importance of revision of conceptual framework in order to include prudence to address the disparity under the corporate reporting requirements. The companies selected to support the analysis are Carbon Energy Ltd and AGL Energy Ltd. The importance to conceptual framework is analysed with reference to the above stated companies in light of the reporting requirement imposed on the directors and other responsible persons assigned with governance of the organisations. The report discusses the necessity of prudence in addressing the disparity at the time of corporate reporting. Differences and similarity of Carbon Energy Ltd and AGL Ltd Key Differences: Carbon energy is engaged in providing energy globally with unconventional syngas extraction. AGL Energy on the other hand, is engaged in the generation and retailing of electricity for both residential and commercial use. Carbon energy conducts its operations through underground coal gasification pilot plant. AGL Ltd conducts its operations by using thermal power wind and hydroelectricity. Carbon energy is primarily engaged in the production of products such as syngas and ammonia whereas AGL Ltd is engaged in the production of natural gas, wind power, coal seam gas, hydroelectricity etc. Similarities: Both AGL Ltd and Carbon energy operates under the energy sector for extracting and utilizing coal gas Another similarities between AGL Ltd and Carbon Ltd is that they are engaged in electricity retailing services such as generation and distribution of energy Critical analysis of financial reports in the conceptual framework of accounting: A form of differential financial reporting has been historically incorporated in the Australian accounting standard and its core forms the concept of reporting entity. A reporting entity is required to prepare the general purpose of financial report which in compliance with the AAS standards (Deegan 2013). The preparers of the financial statements and their advisors and auditors must continually assess whether their present financial reporting framework is suitable and must take required steps in order to ensure smooth transition of the organisations functions. General purpose of financial reporting are those that intends to meet the requirements of the users that are not in position of the organisation to direct monetary reports in order to satisfy their information needs. Conversely, if the users have the capability of directing the information needed by them then they would ask for financial reports that contain information, which is referred as SPFR. Users of financial reports: The most important users of the general purpose of the fiscal reporting are the current and possible investors, lenders and other creditors having access to such information makes the decision about trade, business, holding equity or debt instrument or any other types of credit decisions (Macve 2015). The major users require the information concerning the resources of the organisation as well not only to evaluate the organisations prospect for future cash flow but also to measure the effectiveness and management discharge of responsibilities to utilise the organisations resources. On the reporting date of Carbon energy ltd the assets and liabilities of the entire controlled unit has been incorporated in the consolidated financial statement along with the results for fiscal year ended. The performance of the organisations shares is considered the best pointer of the value creation for shareholders during the organisations stage of development. Carbon energy complies with the present a ccounting framework by meeting the requirements of users of the monetary reports as the company provides its shareholders with the information regarding the distribution of shares (Adibah et al. 2013). Carbon energy complies with the voting rights, which is attached in the ordinary shares and are governed by the constitution. The directors interest and shares is disclosed in the directors report. Determination of financial performance: Financial performance of Carbon limited is reflected during the period, which helps in representing the change in the financial wealth and claims other than those that is attained directly from the investors and creditors (Weil, Schipper and Francis 2013). This helps in useful assessment of the organisations past and future ability to generate the net amount of cash inflow. With the objective of determining impairment for Carbon Ltd the assets are grouped at the lowest level for which they are distinctively recognise the cash inflow that are greatly independent of the cash inflows from other assets or the group of assets. Such kinds of information helps in indicating the degree to which the common financial events have altered the capability of the organisations to produce potential cash inflows. Information concerning the reporting entity cash flow throughout the episode also helps the users of financial report in determining the ability to generate the future net cash inflows. Financial assets of Carbon Energy Ltd is derecognised where the contractual rights relating to the receipts of the cash flow gets expired or the assets are transferred to another party (Zhang and Andrew 2014). The values in cash flows are approximated for each potential project depended upon the technology along with the ongoing contractual arrangements entered into under the negotiating date. Thus, this kinds of information reflects the cash obtaining and spending information along with the repayment debt and cash dividends to shareholders. Relevance and faithful representations: Significant and trustworthy depiction is considered as basic qualitative features of useful fiscal information. For AGL ltd underlying profit is reflected in compliance with the Australian securities and investment commission regulatory guide for disclosing the financial information to its users (Henderson et al. 2015). The results of AGL divisions are reported in accordance with the management reporting structure during the reporting date. To effectively manage the risk, AGL has effectively placed the governance framework, which helps in establishing the policies for its users where energy-hedging activities are conducted. The ability to maintain and illustrations helps in establishing strong governance structure for its users. This helps in encouraging a cultural transparency and accountability for its users of financial reports. AGL has well placed official board and subcommittee and management structure to provide routine updates to its users on all material governance associated matters (McNeil, Frey and Embrechts 2015). The financial reports of AGL are prepared in compliance with the Corporation Act 2001 and accounting standard AASB 1039 concise monetary reports. The concise monetary reports serve as an extract from the entire monetary report. The concise financial reports and precise disclosure are pertinent for its functions and efficient for the present reporting phase For the purpose of reviewing and carrying the values of AGL assets through impairment testing, the company attributes the proceeds transferred from Energy market and group operations. The directors are accountable for the supervision of the organisation monetary reporting procedure. According to the corporation act requirements, AGL provides its shareholders with the access to its annual reports (Beattie 2014). The qualitative features of monetary reporting helps in recognising the financial information that is most likely to be useful for the users in undertaking, decisions concerning the reporting entity information. The usefulness of the financial information for AGL is improved if it is comparable and reasonable. Prudence in conceptual framework: Prudence in secretarial and fiscal reporting consists of long-standing history. There is a substantial amount of argument over the international financial reporting standards in the form of important international standards whether they must take account of prudence by stating its significance in their conceptual framework. The discussion has arisen because of the discontentment with the IFRS function in the lead up to fall out of the financial crisis. The question arises whether the insufficient prudence in the IFRS has assisted in the creation of more enthusiasm of expansion unjustified bonuses and unrealised profits. Prudence has been taken into the considerations in the IASB framework in the conversation of the qualitative characteristics relating to dependability. According to Sharma and Panigrahi (2013) prudence in the conceptual framework of accounting can be defined as the something which needs to be embedded in the standard. The definition of prudence in the IFRS framework h as referred to prudence in the implementation of standards requirement in the circumstances of efficiency. The current question, which is being faced, is the amount necessary in setting up the needs initially. Several secretarial directives have stated that prudence is kind of elementary theory, which will create an impact on the setting of the requirements. There is anticipation among several users that accountants along with their accounts should act like a resistant on the anticipated over exuberance of management at the time of reporting an organisations results. This comes with the anticipation that reported, audited numbers are difficult, and the management at the time of making estimations uses cautions (Smith 2014). The public does not only hold such kinds of views but it is also held by few specialized shareholders especially in regard to the proceeds as the foundations of paying dividends and bonuses. Unquestionably, it represents circumstances where income and assets have been overstated and not where they have been overstated with accountants and accounting standards have reviewed a large number of their criticism. There is uneven risk that prudence standard setting and implementation helps in redressing (Wang 2014). One of the example is where additional prudent book-keeping by banks may have reserved the extra bonuses and dividends and might have offered greeter financial stability to the entire system of economy. The benefit of the implementing prudence in conceptual framework of accounting standard is more widely agreed upon. Prudence in conceptual framework: As prudence is actually illustrated in the accounting standards, it appears correct that its function is considered under the frameworks that are used to set those standards (Cheng et al. 2014). ACCA have agreed that uncertain circumstances need to be reflected at the time of measurement. In reasonable standards, having its basis on models and potential cash flows the uncertainties should be completely recognised. For example, the risk of liquidity and the elements of discount rates need to be identified. According to several studies evidences has been drawn that the current framework of IFRS framework should include the constituents of prudence in identifying the assets and liabilities. This represents that it must be very translucent than potentially un-quantified prudence at the time of measurement (Christiaens et al. 2015). The accounting standards helps in making clear which items should be identified and applied. It must also state when the accounting policies must provide the description by elaborating the applied standards. For carbon energy, short-term incentives are provided to the permanent executives on the attainment of key targets along with the individual contribution, which is believed by the board that it will help in sustaining and improving the performance of the company. The metrics and weightings are reviewed on yearly basis in order to ensure that the business needs of carbon energy is met along with the short term incentive plan consisting of general market practices (Zeff 2013). Carbon Energy limited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the financial statement based on the historical cost. The non-current assets and financial instrument of the carbon energy are measured on the re-valued amounts. The financial report that has been prepared by carbon energy is based on the going concern basis by assuming the continuity of the ordinary business activities along with the realisation of assets and settlement of liabilities. Critical analysis: The directors evaluate the estimations and judgements, which is incorporated under the financial reports depending upon the historical information and current data, which they believe to be reasonable under such circumstances. The estimations for carbon energy ltd is based on reasonable future events which may create a monetary impact on the financial conditions of the entity. Commenting upon the prudence in conceptual framework of accounting the revenue of Carbon energy is measured in terms of the fair value of the considerations received. In accordance with the requirement of the section 370 C of the corporation act 2001 there was no such contravention in the audit requirements of the carbon energy (Brown, Preiato and Tarca 2014). The company prudently reports according to the AASB guidelines and not such contravention is reported associated with the audit. The directors of the Carbon energy are accountable for preparing the monetary reports, which prudently provides the accurate and fair view in compliance with the Australian accounting standards, and the corporations act 2001. The Directors of the carbon energy ltd holds the responsibility of internal control since the directors determine the necessity of enabling the preparation of financial report. The financial reports provide true and fair view and it is free from material misstatement. The accounting standard of AASB 101 for carbon energy ltd has been duly complied with the international financial reporting standards. On the hand, AGL energy limited concise monetary statement has been prepared in compliance with the corporation act 2001 and Accounting standard AAS succinct monetary statements (Oulasvirta 2014). The succinct fiscal reports represent an extract from the entire monetary statements. AGL energy has implemented the necessary amendments to the standards and interpretation that is important in its functions and efficient for the present period of reporting. The directors of corporations act 2001 are accountable in preparing the concise financial report according to the AASB concise financial reports. In terms of the measurement, the retention of historical cost for several items helps in imparting a sufficient amount of prudence in the income recognition and values of assets for Carbon energy ltd and AGL energy ltd. Other measurement forms the basis of the fair value implementation of the assessment techniques, which gives recognitions to the effects of the uncertainties (Albu, Albu and Alexander 2014). It is understood from the study that standards provides guidance but their implementation generally includes a greater degree of judgements for a wide range of outcomes. As evident from the above stated discussion, the conceptual helps in addressing the disparity and management must err on the side of carefulness and prudence. Recommendations: Prudence must be discussed in the new framework at the time of producing the exposure draft. Measurement basis such as fair value needs truthful implementation in the evaluation techniques by giving appropriate credit to the impacts of uncertainties. It is recommended that disclosure requirements must attain the common needs of the individual users by focussing on the information such as measurement uncertainty, choices of accounting policies, liquidations and solvency policies. Conclusion: There are opinions for implementing and against implementing prudence in accounting, standards and these principles, centrally emphasis on the tensions arising amid the users anticipation that fiscal information should be dependable in recording the performance and meeting their needs in an unbiased manner. The above stated discussion must be reconsidered as debatably the principles role of prudence in setting standard that lies in the robust identification of assets and liabilities. References Adibah Wan Ismail, W., Anuar Kamarudin, K., van Zijl, T. and Dunstan, K., 2013. Earnings quality and the adoption of IFRS-based accounting standards: Evidence from an emerging market.Asian Review of Accounting,21(1), pp.53-73. Albu, C.N., Albu, N. and Alexander, D., 2014. When global accounting standards meet the local contextInsights from an emerging economy.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,25(6), pp.489-510. Beattie, V., 2014. Accounting narratives and the narrative turn in accounting research: Issues, theory, methodology, methods and a research framework.The British Accounting Review,46(2), pp.111-134. Brown, P., Preiato, J. and Tarca, A., 2014. Measuring country differences in enforcement of accounting standards: An audit and enforcement proxy.Journal of Business Finance Accounting,41(1-2), pp.1-52. Cheng, M., Green, W., Conradie, P., Konishi, N. and Romi, A., 2014. The international integrated reporting framework: key issues and future research opportunities.Journal of International Financial Management Accounting,25(1), pp.90-119. Christiaens, J., Vanhee, C., Manes-Rossi, F., Aversano, N. and Van Cauwenberge, P., 2015. The effect of IPSAS on reforming governmental financial reporting: an international comparison.International Review of Administrative Sciences,81(1), pp.158-177. Deegan, C., 2013.Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K. and Howieson, B., 2015.Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Hoskin, R.E., Fizzell, M.R. and Cherry, D.C., 2014.Financial Accounting: a user perspective. Wiley Global Education. Macve, R., 2015.A Conceptual Framework for Financial Accounting and Reporting: Vision, Tool, Or Threat?. Routledge. McNeil, A.J., Frey, R. and Embrechts, P., 2015.Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. Oulasvirta, L., 2014. The reluctance of a developed country to choose International Public Sector Accounting Standards of the IFAC. A critical case study.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,25(3), pp.272-285. Sharma, A. and Panigrahi, P.K., 2013. A review of financial accounting fraud detection based on data mining techniques.arXiv preprint arXiv:1309.3944. Smith, M., 2014.Research methods in accounting. Sage. Wang, C., 2014. Accounting standards harmonization and financial statement comparability: Evidence from transnational information transfer.Journal of Accounting Research,52(4), pp.955-992. Weil, R.L., Schipper, K. and Francis, J., 2013.Financial accounting: an introduction to concepts, methods and uses. Cengage Learning. Zeff, S.A., 2013. The objectives of financial reporting: a historical survey and analysis.Accounting and Business Research,43(4), pp.262-327. Zhang, Y. and Andrew, J., 2014. Financialisation and the conceptual framework.Critical perspectives on accounting,25(1), pp.17-26.

Race Is Socially Constructed free essay sample

Today race is thought of differently than it ever was before. With so many mixes out there it is almost impossible to guess a person’s race based solely on appearance. Race is not something we can see or even prove scientifically. In modern terms, â€Å"race is a socially constructed category composed of people who share biologically transmitted traits that members of society consider important. † (Farrell 2012). Which means race is something made up by humans to categorize people who share biological traits. In a scientific sense race cannot be proven or even real, however race is still very important. The idea of race is modern; people have not always been categorized in this way. â€Å"Ancient societies did not divide people according to physical differences, but according to religion, status, class, even language. † (web sight activity) Not until people started exploring and moving across seas did they distinguish differences among others and have a need for classification. We will write a custom essay sample on Race Is Socially Constructed or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Over time and as immigration became popular there was more intermarriage, new races and ethnic groups. Today sociologist understand race as a social concept and not a biological fact. For example White Americans are able to choose and pass for what race and ethnic backgrounds they want to claim. The decision to claim Irish American, rather than Irish and French American depends on the situation. During St. Patrick’s Day one might claim to be Irish and not French because the French is irreverent to the situation. This person would be called an optional ethnic because their social situation makes it most convenient to be just Irish. Another example is when parents fill out their children’s census ancestry reports. â€Å"Only about 60 percent of the children of English-German marriages are labeled as English-German or German-English. About 15 percent of the children of these parents are simplified to just English, and another 15 percent are reported as just German. The remainder of the children are either not given an ancestry or are described as American. (pg 98 Optional Ethnicites Mary Waters 2004) This shows how easy it is for whites to pass for which ever race is more convenient and it has nothing to do with biology. On the other hand, a black person does not have this luxury. â€Å"In the United States, individuals who are actually â€Å"black† by the logic of hypo-descent have attempted to skirt the discriminatory barriers imposed by law and custom by attempting to â€Å" pass† for white. Ironically, these same individuals would not be able to pass for â€Å"black† in many Latin American societies. (pg 23 racial formations 2007 michael omi and Howard winant) Since there are so many ideas of black, someone who has even the slightest bit of black in them generally is seen as black and cannot pass for anything else. expand Countries and places all over the world view race differently, this is why race is socially constructed and cannot be proven scientifically. For example â€Å"in many Latin American countries, race is not a meta-concept based on biological categories but rather a classification dependent on time and context. â€Å"the determination and relative salience of race categories depend not on their â€Å"inherent† nature as physical characteristics but on the historical development of the context in which these categories are valued. Within this framework, the points of social reference in which a given individual operates are important determinants of racial identity. † (pg 59 rethinking the color line 2007 Charles gallagher) This Latin American idea of race coming from language, family history and upbringing pro ves race is socially constructed.

Contemporary Racism Essay Example

Contemporary Racism Essay Example Contemporary Racism Paper Contemporary Racism Paper Dear Mr. Smith, It was a great pleasure speaking with you on the plane ride back to Chicago. However, we didnt get the chance to finish our conversation about minority relations. I disagree with your claim that the playing field is level and if people dont succeed, it is their own fault. Through this letter, I wish to prove to you that racial oppression still persists today through examples of â€Å"Laissez Faire† racism and how you can make a difference regarding this issue. Racial oppression persists today through the legacy of our history. First, individual beliefs on white superiority from the past have passed down through generations, manifesting in the form as white privilege, an example of individual racism in which the perception of race is created from one’s own cultural lens. White privilege is an unconscious and invisible form of racism in which whites do not realize they have racial privileges. They do not ask for it nor choose to keep it but it nonetheless comes with birth and their natural white skin color. Although some may acknowledge race, they may ignore the existing racial hierarchy in society as they naturally enjoy many benefits like economic opportunities. White privilege is important because it labels non-whites as victims, holds white people more accountable, helps whites understand their invisible superiority and integrate into white norms when there should be interracial integration. Second, the self-perpetuating cycle of negative racial stereotyping continues to drive racial oppression. A majority of whites are unaware and ignorant of these persistent negative racial stereotypes that remain in their attitudes. These stereotypes impact behavior subconsciously and are intensified by fear and power, making it into a vicious cycle that is less likely to break and be challenged. Whites enjoy power and may feel threatened when minorities rise in power or threaten them through terrorist attacks, creating instances with racial profiling, hate crimes, etc. This cycle explains why it is difficult for some people to move past racism in his or her lifetime. Lastly, institutional racism demonstrates racial oppression from legacy of our history. Institutional racism is embedded in political, social and economic structure and if its effects are magnified, consequences are widely spread out and repetitive. The intentions of individuals in this case do not matter as it is carried on through society over generations. Such racism provides automatic advantages for whites, who were born to be ahead in the four stages of life including socioeconomic status, education, work, and legacy. This is especially due to the current growing wealth gap as the rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer, making it difficult for minorities to climb beyond their ascribed status. As people accumulate wealth through inheritance, investments, average family income, and home ownership, etc. minorities as a result have to work harder to achieve the same level of success as whites. The theory of laissez-faire racism encompasses the prominent ideology regarding contemporary racism and was coined by Dr. Lawrence Bobo. This more subtle and hands-off form of racism still continues to highlight the current problem of racial oppression in the United States (US) through the following conclusions. First, available data suggests that the US experienced a positive transformation in attitudes regarding racial relations. Yet, despite this change in attitude, there is no change in behavior and racial discrimination still remains a barrier for minorities in the American institution. As a result, race is used as a device to divide and mobilize voters at the local, state and national levels. In other words, believing the ideology of equal opportunities, personal responsibility and the â€Å"playing field is level† for minorities does not mean discrimination no longer exists. It simply demonstrates the lack of awareness and failure to accept the persisting existence of racial oppression, as society is unwilling to enforce and implement these new attitudes through action. Some examples of racial inequities that persist as a result of laissez-faire racism are evident through home ownership, health disparities and the disproportionate incarceration of young men of color. Although minorities have access to home ownership like everyone else, they still encounter discrimination in their efforts to rent, buy, finance or ensure a home, which has significant financial benefits. Most minorities do not accumulate wealth through inheritance, investments and home ownership like most whites do. As a result, they struggle to secure a house because they are less financially sophisticated. For example, some houses are available for white families and not black families. Banks charge higher interests and are also more reluctant to give loans to those that live in black neighborhoods, also known as the redline area. In addition, although whites want to live in diverse and predominantly white neighborhoods, laissez-faire racism prevents residential desegregation and white flight can still occur. The available medical programs available for society like Medicaid and health care distorts the reality that minority families receive the full medical care they need, creating health disparities between different races. For example, whites live an average of five to seven years longer than blacks. Studies have also shown that people residing in the richest zip codes live up to 90 years and those residing in the poorest zip codes live up to 57 years. Regardless of income, all African Americans suffer higher blood pressure and the women on average have high mortality rates. These health problems are due to environmental factors and the effects of laissez-faire racism. For example, segregated neighborhoods with minorities struggle to attain health care, private amenities and basic resources like healthy food, medicine, medical facilities and doctors. If there are doctors, lack of cultural competence is common in which these doctors, mostly white, can mistake illnesses or oversee an African American exclusive disease. There may also be a language barrier, as doctors may not know how to speak the language and carry negative stereotypes. Health care is available but only for those who are able to afford it. The disproportionate incarceration of young men of color is another example of laissez-faire racism. Although anyone can be caught committing a crime, incarceration rates are much higher for people of color as 80% of the people in prison are African American or Latino. Minorities are easily victims, as those that have the power to sentence punishment like the police and courts consists of mainly whites. For example, the stop and frisk policy gives police officers chance to look up if anyone had possession of any drugs and minorities, and African Americans are especially targeted. Disproportionate incarceration rates occur because blatant racism still exists; there is persistence of negative racial stereotypes; institutional practices or policies have great outcomes and the presence of economic incentives. Disproportionate incarceration can also have negative impacts including stereotyping victims for life, stripping their rights to vote, and banning them to live in public housing, receive welfare payments and public assistance. The statistic that young men with criminal records are more likely to be hired than young black men without criminal records shows that these victims would forever struggle to find mployment opportunities. These impacts influence the community, as there will be fewer positive role models for children and create a sense of hopelessness among these victims in finding a bright future. You mentioned in our conversation that you are interested in using a significant portion of your wealth for a socially responsible purpose. Well, I have sev eral ideas you can consider. In regard to health disparities, you can build better facilities like hospitals and clinics in poor neighborhoods with high minority population. As I mentioned before, these neighborhoods lack basic necessities like food, sanitation and medicine. By building these facilities, you would help this community gain easy access to whatever they need, increase their exposure and awareness to biological education and health and reduce the wealth gap. Another idea is to invest your money on leaders or influential figures who support and promote racial equality. Their popularity and presence through the media can stir sympathy, empathy and transformation insight to understand racial oppression. Depending on your interests, you can invest in a person or an event to increase minority representation in any field including politics, business or the media industry. In politics, you could fund for the political campaigns politicians like senators and representatives who have major roles in policy-making. Or, you could aim even higher and invest in the presidential campaign. Presidential leadership has a strong impact on nature of racism as it can impact laws that are designed to create level playing field. For example, Lyndon B Johnson’s attitude towards the importance of extoling importance of affirmative action and overcoming racial discrimination had a strong impact on society. As the first African American President, Obama instilled faith and hope for African American representation in the high-class society or workforce. The attitudes and values of the president are reflected in his administration, as he would appoint prominent positions like ambassadors and Supreme Court judges to people with similar goals as him. Besides politics, you can also invest in minority singers, movie actors or actresses. Some talented people lack the opportunity to show their talent but you could be their agent and help them gain the attention and representation they deserve. However, you must be aware of the tokenistic fallacy, which guarantees total equality in society if there is an anomaly such as eliminating racial discrimination towards African Americans with Obama as president. Nonetheless, it does help to gain more minority representation in all areas of the workforce as these people in powerful positions can influence others and increase their support and empathy for minorities. My last suggestion is to increase educational programs that promote diversity and provide more chances for people of different races to interact and integrate into one culture. In specific regards to disproportionate incarceration of men of color, you could invest in better education of police officers on race, class and gender dimension of their kind of work, racial and ethnic sensitivity training to reduce street level how officer perceives and how they can not use quotas to get men of color. You can also educate doctors that work in segregated communities about misdiagnosis and medical differences to avoid cultural competence. You can also plan interactive and fun events and activities in less integrated neighborhoods to promote interracial interaction. Such events can include celebrations of Black History Month in October or Asian Pacific Islander Awareness Month in April that all aim to educate society about a culture and its history. By exposing the cultures of different races, you would be able to spread and gain awareness of cultural diversity. Studies have shown that the degree of change in racial values depends on where and what type of community one grew up in. If grew up in a diverse community, then one has a more open-minded attitude. If one grew up in a homogeneous community, attitude is less progressive. Thus, we must aim to create more diverse communities by encouraging interracial interactions. Your efforts will make a great impact, as generations over time will become more open-minded, progressive and diverse. You can promote attitudinal change within a generation and from generation to generation. Racial oppression will diminish over time as people become less racist. In conclusion, I hope my letter informed you more about the current issues of racism that have not yet been fully resolved. You have the potential to make a great difference in the community at large. Consider my proposals and make a smart choice. Best, Helena Wu

Overwhelmed Heres a Great Way to Take Control of Your Job Search

Overwhelmed Heres a Great Way to Take Control of Your Job Search I have a confession to make: I am not naturally an organized person. If left to my own devices, I generally do whatever comes into my head to do at the moment. I am easily sidetracked and have a tendency to think I can do everything without regard to priorities. Sound familiar? If so, and if you are a job seeker, you might be experiencing some overwhelm as you conduct your search. Thankfully, there are tools available that can help. To tackle my lack of focus, for example, I have chosen to participate in a business coaching group where I am forced to create priorities and follow them- at least to some extent! You might benefit from some prioritization tools as well. Let’s say you decide to research companies you might want to work for. First, you’ll read my blog from last week, Top 5 Web Sites for Your Job Search Over the Holidays, and start listing companies that interest you. What’s next? The answer is not Apply to all the jobs and accept the first one that will take me. The answer isn’t even, Do extensive research on the 50 companies on my list. Instead, take some time to prioritize. First, make a list of your top 20-30 companies based on your research. Then get clear about what’s important to you so you can gather further information on the companies that best meet your requirements. Factors to consider: Job Function/Title Industry Commute Salary Benefits Opportunity for Growth Travel Company Reputation Size of Company Products I Resonate With Pick 5-6 of these items that are most important to you and score each of the companies in your list from 1-5 (1 = bad/low, 5 = good/high) on how they match up on each factor. You can make a simple chart to do this: Â   Factor #1 Factor #2 Factor #3 Factor #4 Factor #5 Factor #6 Total Company #1 Company #2 Company #3 Company #4 Look at the total scores and rank the companies from highest to lowest. Then start your information gathering, such as finding contact people at the organizations, with the highest-scoring companies. Concentrate on finding the hiring managers at those top companies and start to discover what challenges the companies are facing and how you can add value. Once you know your first choice, second choice, third choice, etc. you will be in a much stronger position as you approach the companies. You will know what you want so you can focus on that, rather than let the job market dictate your search. And you will reduce overwhelm by taking things one step at a time in a clear, organized way. Do you have methods you use to stay focused in your job search? Please share in the comments! Category:Job SearchBy Brenda BernsteinJanuary 27, 2014

Anne Boykin and Savina O. Schoenhofer's Nursing as Caring Theory Assignment

Anne Boykin and Savina O. Schoenhofer's Nursing as Caring Theory - Assignment Example The authors specifically state that nursing is not only a profession but also a discipline. Boykin and Schoenhofer (2010) claim that the Nursing as Caring Theory is a better framework to improve an individual’s understanding of caring as it particularly emphasizes the need of nursing knowledge to increase the care quality and patient safety (p.371). Since this knowledge comes from situations, the Anne Boykin and Savina O. Schoenhofer consider nursing situation as a key concept of the theory. In actual practice, this theory makes significant contributions to nursing practice, nursing administration, nursing education, and nursing research and development. The Nursing as Caring theory enhances nurses’ knowledge about caring their clients in creative and individualized ways in a situation-specific environment. In addition, as Purnell (2013) purports, this framework assists nursing administrators to develop and implement policies within the organization in order to improve operational efficiency and thereby to achieve higher degree of patient safety (p.371). Evid ently, a clear understanding of personhood contributes notably to nursing knowledge and education. This theoretical framework can be better used by researchers to explore the patterns of caring personality and improve the quality of the care delivered. Since Nursing as Caring is a grand theory, it can be applied to real life situations in collaboration with other nursing theories like Watsons theory of nursing or Orems theory of nursing. Today the growing number of clinical errors becomes a great threat to the medical field, and in most cases the issue is caused by the negligence of caring staff. Here the theory of Nursing as Caring can be applied to improve the situation because this theory greatly emphasizes the virtue of humanness in a caring environment. When humanness is valued greatly and considerable importance is given to care

Linguistics - English relative clauses in dialects of the GB isles Essay

Linguistics - English relative clauses in dialects of the GB isles - Essay Example Herrmann builds her theory will be examined. In part two, I will examine the basic premise upon which Mr. Sag builds his theories. Part three will examine Ms. Herrmanns theory of grammatical construction and part four will examine the commonalities that the two theories have, by paying special attention to the concept of pied-piping. To begin, one must examine the basic premise upon which Ms. Herrmann built her grammatical constructs. In the â€Å"Relative Clauses in Dialects of English,† the author describes an extensive study of the British Isles. She divided the Isles into six broad sections - Central Midland, Central north, Central Southwest, East Anglia, Northern Ireland and Scotland. She concentrated on the prototypical relative clauses, or adnominal clauses, and she compared these clauses across the different dialects of the sections listed above, with an eye towards identifying the features that have become commonplace across different dialects, and also identified how the commonalities and differences across different dialects identified certain dialects as more closely related to Standard English than other dialects. Her study also can identify where different dialects intersect, which is known as dialectical levelling. (Herrmann 22). In the process, she also identified broad characteristics of the various dialects she studied. Central southwest, Central North and Northern Ireland have broad dialectical speech, ie, the speakers in these regions tend to speak in one dialect, while the speakers in East Anglia, Central Midland and Scotland have more heterogenous speech. (Herrmann 24). Central Southwest and Northern Ireland are almost entirely broad speakers. Broad speakers tend towards more non-standard features, which is gradually transforming into traditional features, and these are influencing Standard English as a whole. (Herrmann 22). The basic findings of the study were that the relative particles (zero, that, what

Dealing with stress Essay Example for Free

Dealing with stress Essay One of the greatest sources of stress at work is caused by the innovations that have been created to make work easier. While it is true that there are already so many inventions and technological devices that have been invented to help people accomplish more at work, the result is far from the anticipated goal of allowing people to rest more. The increased capability of performing more work has been off-set by the fact that more and more tasks are placed upon the employees. The fact paced working environment and steady competition has changed the way work is being done and increased the stress levels. When a few decades ago companies only had to contend with local or national competition, the current business environment faces competition from firms and companies all over the world. Another factor which adds to the stress in any working environment, aside from the increased pressure to produce more, is the fact that the stress in the work place negatively affects the health of employees thus causing more absences and adding more pressure to catch up with the work load. It has been suggested that stress can be thought of as resulting from an â€Å"imbalance between demands and resources† or as occurring when â€Å"pressure exceeds ones perceived ability to cope† (Sedgeman 2005). The most common reasons for stress are poor working conditions such as excessive noise or heat and crowded or poorly designed workspaces, a lack of control over work, time pressures, long or inflexible working hours, too much or too little work or responsibility, confusion about duties and responsibilities, including role ambiguity, a lack of variety and interest in job, inadequate training and possibilities for learning new skills, poor work-life balance, difficult relationships with supervisors and coworkers, lack of support from colleagues, isolation from colleagues, organizational confusion, restructuring, and job change. All of these factors contribute to stress at the work place. It is important to note however that the effect or weight of each of these factors differs from person to person. Over the years, there has been more emphasis on job specialization and training. Aside from performing the regular work tasks, employees are also expected and pressured to meet higher expectations and maintain their competitive edge constantly. These factors were not as prevalent in the work place a few decades ago as they are now. There have been a number of studies on the relationship between stress and job performance that show that as the level of work related stress increases the job performance and satisfaction level also changes. Some of the consequences of stress include, job-related consequences such as low performance and absenteeism, emotion related consequences such as irritability and depression which affect work place relationships, and physiological consequences such as high blood pressure and other illnesses. All of these consequences affect the worker’s ability to perform his/her task at work and are also detrimental to the work atmosphere as more irritable people are less likely to contribute to team-related tasks and goals. Absenteeism is also a problem as it directly affects the work output of not only an individual worker but of the team or unit as well. Many techniques have been implemented to reduce worker stress. In a number of Japanese firms, certain activities such as worker exercise programs have been implemented in an effort to keep the employees in better shape. Other workplaces over the world have taken advantage of the technical advances in communications technology and used these to reduce worker stress levels. Some of these programs include the permitting of certain employees to telecommute at least once or twice a week in order to create a more relaxed yet productive working environment. Other programs included involving the families of the workers in group activities and corporate activities. While these have been shown to have mixed effects in relation to coping with stress, these activities have also shown that the most important way of dealing with work related stress lies in showing the employees that their employer cares about their welfare and is instituting programs to deal with such. In the long run, there is really no sure fire method of dealing with stress. There will always be different stress levels and methods of coping with them. The most important thing that remains, however, is that something is done. A proactive stance is still better than anything. References: Bower, J. E. Segerstrom, S. C. (2004). Stress management, finding benefit, and immune function: positive mechanisms for intervention effects on physiology. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 56(1): 9-11 Sedgeman, J. A. (2005). Health Realization/Innate Health: Can a quiet mind and a positive feeling state be accessible over the lifespan without stress-relief techniques? Med. Sci. Monitor 11(12) HY47-52.

Analysis of Langston Hughes Harlem (Dream Deferred) :: Hughes Harlem Dream Deferred Essays

Analysis of Harlem (Dream Deferred) Langston Hughes's poem "Dream Deferred" is basically about what happens to dreams when they are put on hold. Hughes probably intended for the poem to focus on the dreams of African-Americans in particular because he originally entitled the poem "Harlem," which is the capital of African American life in the United States; however, it is just as easy to read the poem as being about dreams in general and what happens when people postpone making them come true. Ultimately, Hughes uses a carefully arranged series of images that also function as figures of speech to suggest that people should not delay their dreams because the more they postpone them, the more the dreams will change and the less likely they will come true. In the opening of the poem the speaker uses a visual image that is also a simile to compare a dream deferred to a raisin. The speaker asks the question, "Does it [the dream] dry up / Like a raisin in the sun?" (2-3). Here we can see the raisin, which used to be a moist, taut, healthy-looking grape, has shriveled up to become a raisin. The speaker does not emphasize the appearance of the raisin, so the description isn't as significant as an image as it is as a simile. Why compare a dream deferred to a raisin? Like a raisin, a dream deferred shrivels up and turns dark because the sun has baked it. The emphasis on the sun is important because it stresses time-we measure time by the sun's movement. Like the raisin, the dream has been on hold for a long time-consequently, it has transformed into something very different than it once was. Because they look so different, few people would believe that raisins were once grapes unless they had been told. Similarly, a dream that contin ues to be postponed will go through an evolution as well-it won't be the same as the original.

Zara Market Share

Three generations of Data Management in Decision Support 1. Early 1970s – required a repository of data : sourced from operational system + other data (e. g. external data) – Data was customized for the specific DSS – Application-centric approach : data support a single or a few related applications used to help make the business case for the warahouse – Sprague provided the Data-Dialog-Models (DDM) paradigm 2. Late 1980s Telecommunications, retailing and financial services industries built warehouses to store vast amounts of customer and sales-related data –These industries remain leaders in terms of the size of the warehouses and how the warehouses are used – Data-centric approach : support a variety of applications 3. In 2000 – the movement to real-time data warehousing – changes in the way that warehouse data is used – different : Previous : data aims to understand what had already happened and to predict what would h appen in the future * limit to influence real-time decisions and current operations * Now : real-time data (current decisions and critical business process) such as customer-facing and supply chain applications can be significantly enhanced Real or Right Time ? –Incorrect concept applied to warehousing : real-time = instantaneous – Reason : much of warehouse data cannot be captured and entered into the warehouse in seconds or minutes. * expensive difficult to make real-time * may not be a business need for real-time data – Example : Some source systems, e. g. a legacy COBOL program, is undated once a month Continental Airlines – a leader in real-time business intelligence – won The Data Warehousing Institute’s prestigious Best Practices and Leadership Awards – Real-time data warehouse : provide the data that is required to implement real-time BI – Firms can use BI to affect current decision making and business processes by usin e real-time – Importance : especially for customer-facing applications, e. g. hose found in call centers and check-in processes, help firms become more customer-centric –Terms describe firms use real-time BI : â€Å"real-time enterprise† , â€Å"zero latency organization† – Purpose of real-time BI : * increase revenues and decrease costs => improve profitability – e. g. Continental Airlines * taken a $30M investment in hardware, software and personnel to generate over $500M in revenue, resulting in a ROI of over 1,000% – Firms must overcome both organizational and technical challenges for real-time BI successful – Organizational must be executive : * sponsorship and support * initial and on-going financial support governance processes put in place * BI and data warehousing personnel with the requisite personnel – Technical : * acquire and implement new hardware and software * establish processes and procedures for sup porting and managing real-time data feeds from source systems * data must be quickly transformed and loaded into the warehouse * data must be analyzed and made available to operational systems and personnel – briefly discuss an application that illustrates Continental’s use of real-time BI – focus on the technical issues associated with Continental’s implementation of real-time BI

Methods of Research

Price Scientist conducts research on a daily basis. The purpose of this research is exploration, description, explanation, and application. In the area of criminal Justice things are getting researched all of the time. Take murder for example, the police have to explore to find out what actually happened. They have to describe the events leading up the the murder. They have to explain the facts to try and come up with a suspect. Finally, they have to use the process of application to put it all together so they can make an arrest.When using the different purposes of research it Is important to examine each purpose by Itself because each purpose has Its own different aspect when It comes to research design. The exploration stage Is the first stage that researchers begin with when using research methods. â€Å"This stage is typically done for three purposes: to satisfy the researcher does curiosity and desires for better understand, to test the feasibility of undertaking a more extens ive study, and to develop the methods to be employed in any subsequent studies. (Grossman, 2014) A researcher will use the exploration take of research when they want to find out about something that there is little known about. Take drugs for example; let's say a researcher wants to find out how bad the drug problem is in the United States. There are a couple categories that a researcher may want to explore. Such as; â€Å"how many were arrested for drug sales or possession each year and how many hours per day do drug dealers work and how much do they make? † (Misfield & Babble, 2009) The next purpose of research is description. The researcher explores and then describes what they explored.For example; the U. S. Census, â€Å"the goal of the census Is to describe accurately and precisely several characteristics of the U. S. Population, including race/ethnicity, age, sex, household size, and income. † (Grossman, 2014) The description stage is widely used in the crimina l Justice field. For example; it is used to describe a certain crime problem that a certain city or state may be having. It can be used to measure how much burglary is committed in the city of Joplin, Missouri. The descriptive stage is used to answer the questions what, when, where, and how something happened.The third stage of research is the explanation stage. The explanation stage attempts to describe why something happened. The description and the explanation stages work together. The descriptive stage explains what happened the explanation stage explains why It happened. Take the burglary rate In Joplin the descriptive stage tells you how much burglary Is committed and the explanation stage will tell you why burglary is committed in Joplin. Application research: evaluation and policy and problem analysis. An example would be â€Å"determining whether a program designed to reduce burglary actually had the intended effect. (Maxwell & Babble, 2009) Criminal Justice organizations gather all their research from exploration, description, and explanation in the application process to come up with a conclusion for all their research. There are four different stages of research that the criminal Justice organizations use to find answers to things that are unknown and also to find out the what, where, when how, and why things happen. Most researches that are done contain all four stages of research. For example take auto theft. A researcher would use the exploration stage to learn about the case.

His Story essays

His Story essays In exploring the notion of the individual versus the self, we should notice that in Achebes Things Fall Apart, a community is very important to the survival of the tribe and the people often work together for the betterment of the tribe. There are also individual aspects in the Ibo society. Each person has his own chi, or personal god. Present in Okonkwo's household were the expectations of masculinity that Okonkwo held for his son, Nwoye. In his mind, men and women are two different extremes; men being stronger, tougher and more controlling, while women are meek, thoughtless and easily dominated. In keeping with the Ibo view of female nature, the tribe allowed wife beating. The novel describes two instances when Okonkwo beats his second wife, once when she did not come home to make his meal. He beat her severely and was punished but only because he beat her during the Week of Peace. He beat her again when she referred to him as one of those guns that never shot. When a severe case of wife beating comes before the egwugwu, he found in favor of the wife, but at the end of the trial one of the elders wondered, I don't know why such a trifle should come before the egwugwu. The husband considers his wife as a property. His uncle, Uchendu, noticing Okonkwo's distress, explains how Okonkwo should view his exile: A man belongs to his fatherland when things are good and life is sweet. But when there is sorrow and bitterness he finds refuge in his motherland. A man has both joy and sorrow in his life and when the bad times come his mother is always there to comfort him. Thus comes the saying Mother is Supreme. Possibly, Umuofia's degrading treatment of women and wives comes from unconscious fear of, rather than reverence for, the unpredictable. The ending reveals that Okonko had not achieved his goals, but instead, by the end of his life, he had become a fail...

Antarctic Icefish Characteristics and Facts

Antarctic Icefish Characteristics and Facts True to their name, the Antarctic Icefish lives in the icy cold waters of the Arctic - and has icy-looking blood to match. Their cold habitat has given them some interesting features.   Most animals, like people, have red blood. The red of our blood is caused by hemoglobin, which carries oxygen throughout our body. Icefishes dont have hemoglobin, thus they have a whitish, nearly transparent blood. Their gills are also white. Despite this lack of hemoglobin, icefish can still get enough oxygen, although scientists arent sure quite how - it could be because they live in already oxygen-rich waters and might be able to absorb oxygen through their skin, or because they have large hearts and plasma which may help transport oxygen more easily. The first icefish was discovered in 1927 by zoologist Ditlef Rustad, who pulled up a strange, pale fish during an expedition to Antarctic waters. The fish he pulled up was eventually named the blackfin icefish (Chaenocephalus aceratus).   Description There are many species (33, according to WoRMS) of icefish in the Family Channichthyidae. These fish all have heads that look a little like a crocodile - so they are sometimes called crocodile icefishes. They have grayish, black or brown bodies, wide pectoral fins, and two dorsal fins that are supported by long, flexible spines. They can grow to a maximum length of about 30 inches.   Another fairly unique trait for icefish is that they dont have scales. This can aid in their ability to absorb oxygen through the ocean water.   Classification Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataSubphylum: VertebrataSuperclass: GnathostomataSuperclass: PiscesClass: ActinopterygiiOrder: PerciformesFamily: Channichthyidae Habitat, Distribution, and Feeding Icefish inhabit Antarctic and subantarctic waters in the Southern Ocean off Antarctica and southern South America. Even though they can live in waters that are only 28 degrees, these fish have antifreeze proteins that circulate through their bodies to keep them from freezing.   Icefish dont have swim bladders, so they spend much of their lives on the ocean bottom, although they also have a lighter skeleton than some other fish, which allows them to swim up into the water column at night to capture prey. They may be found in schools. Icefish eat plankton, small fish, and krill.   Conservation and Human Uses The lighter skeleton of icefish has a low mineral density. Humans with a low mineral density in their bone have a condition called osteopenia, which may be a precursor to osteoporosis. Scientists study icefish to learn more about osteoporosis in humans. Icefish blood also provides insights into other conditions, such as anemia, and how bones develop. The ability of icefish to live in freezing water without freezing can also help scientists learn about the formation of ice crystals and storage of frozen foods and even organs used for transplant.   Mackerel icefish are harvested, and the harvest is considered sustainable. A threat to icefish, however, is climate change - warming ocean temperatures could reduce the habitat that is suitable for this extreme cold water fish.

Final Evaluation about ART Appreciation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Final Evaluation about ART Appreciation - Essay Example Written thoughts differ from oral expressions by their clarity and organization. When people write about arts, they tend to be more accurate in their assessment and appreciation. I believe that I have significantly improved my writing skills during this semester. Considering the fact that all areas of research require writing, I will definitely use these skills further. 3. Were you able to develop your research skills in this course? What was the most helpful information this course gave you in terms of conducting high quality research? How do your skills compare now to how they were when you first started the course? This course gave me many chances to developed research skills and tried to use them all. A lot of assignment required additional research in journals and other academic publications to do assignment. I did my best to find relevant information and use it in my research assignment and I learned where I could find information I needed. Yes, I will continue studying arts because I really feel that I am interested to learn more. It is amazing when one able not only to see art but to understand it as well. This course gave me the opportunity to develop this art understanding. I liked the approach to art promoted by this course. It was relevant to pay attention to formal features and to historical background of each work we studied. This approach was great because it developed deep background knowledge and patience to

Bilby Case Study- persuassive writing portfolio Essay

Bilby Case Study- persuassive writing portfolio - Essay Example The future, any future, hospital or no hospital, is built on the foundation of our past: Our natural history and our man-made heritage. A new hospital is a brilliant idea. Destroying our natural history and heritage to build a new hospital is nothing but a headlong rush into the future with a foundation of sand: A race to the future with no foundation in the past. Bilbys blessing, and its curse, is its persona as a byword for local tranquility. Located off the highway, a century-and-a-half after the Gold Rush, time had largely past Bilby by until the production of City Stress, Country Pleasures. Now, Bilby is famous as the home of local tranquility, and its future, is contingent on preserving that image. A new district hospital will do nothing to facilitate that image and, if anything, undermine it. The development of Bilby, in a sustainable manner, must be predicated on preservation of local tranquility. Visitors seeking pastoral peace and quiet not visiting hospital patients are the key to Bilbys future. Preservation and restoration of the natural environment not enhancing the built environment is the key to Bilbys future. Preservation and restoration of Bilbys built heritage, not new development, is the key to Bilbys future success. John Russell, founder of Bilby Landcare, will be hosting a special event at the entrance to the Bilby Cemetery on Saturday, January 8, 2011 at noon. It will kick-off Bilby Landcares campaign to protect the cemetery and the community from reckless development. Joining John will be Garrett Pietro of Grassroots who will be debuting his new song about preserving the natural and built heritage of Bilby. John Russells past, present and future are embedded in Bilby. Born and raised here he left Bilby for university and returned to take over Russell Native Nursery in 1993. His commitment to the community deepened further when he stood for election to the shire council. Johns personal, professional and political lives are all

Anger looking at different articles and compare and contrast Essay

Anger looking at different articles and compare and contrast - Essay Example But in this modern age and with the advancement of science, experts are viewing anger in a different perspective and are trying to understand the significance and impact it has on physical and mental health of an individual. In Jane E. Bhody’s account on â€Å"Venting anger may do more harm than good† (New York Times, March 8th, 1983) she speaks of a number of modern treatment techniques by different experts. One such, was a controversial book authored by social psychologist Dr. Carol Tavris called â€Å"Anger: The Misunderstood Emotion† (Simon and Shuster) According to her, anger is more destructive when it is expressed than when it is suppressed. But this view tends to limit the role of venting ones anger, than what is popularly practiced today. Research carried out has built a growing body of evidence that proves that though venting anger may reduce some forms of illness, it may actually enhance or contribute to others. The psychologist states that â€Å"People who are most prone to give vent to their rage, get angrier not less angry†. (Dr. Carol Tavris) The example she gives us is marital arguments where one person’s anger triggers or provokes its opponent to respond in a similar fashion. According to psychoanalyst Dr. Leo Maddow’s â€Å"get-the-anger-out† and â€Å"be honest with each other† can be quite destructive for the very fact that there is a face to face out burst of conflicting emotions. This can be disastrous especially in big companies, if workers are going to confront each other with anger; the healthy and peaceful atmosphere of the company is put on the line. Another view by a New York Psychiatrist Dr. Willard Gaylin, describes that the ventilation of anger is â€Å"a form of public littering†. (Dr. Willard Gaylin) He believes that though â€Å"happiness is held up as the main goal of life† (Gaylin) yet people alienate themselves from it. He adheres this to the technological

Ebola Virus Explained Essay

Ebola Virus Explained Essay Introduction Ebola virus is one of the most virulent and lethal pathogens known to human. Ebola virus epidemics have emerged from time to time since it was first discovered in 1976 from the Democratic Republic of Congo, formerly known as Zaire, but the largest known Ebola virus outbreak up to date is ongoing at the time of writing this article, in West Africa. Approximately 550 000 cases are estimated to be reported from Sierra Leone and Liberia by the 20th of January 2015. The transmission of the infection to a number of countries including Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Nigeria and occasional cases being reported from USA, Canada, Netherland and India reveal the potential of the infection to get spread worldwide. Despite this disease being highly contagious, life-threatening, and no specific treatment being found, it can be prevented with the use of proper infection prevention and control measures. The study of the Ebola virus disease is important as that knowledge will pave the way for the red uction of victims, the invention of an effective drug and will also be useful in the management of a similar epidemic. Virology Ebola virus is a member of the family Filoviridae. As the name implies the virus is filamentous in shape. Marburg virus and Ebolavirus are the two main genera of the viral family which are medically important. Viruses of these two genera are studied and presented together due to their many similarities in the life cycle, the primary reservoirs, ways of transmission, clinical presentation, treatment and prevention measures. The only noted difference is that the Marburgvirus is spread by bat species adapted to open forests such as savannah whereas Ebolavirus is spread by bat species adapted to deep rain forests(1). Five subtypes of Ebolavirus namely, Ebolavirus zaire, Ebolavirus sudan, Ebolavirus reston, Ebolavirus cote d’ Ivore, and Ebolavirus bundibugyo have been identified and named after the area in which they were first discovered(1). Of these E. Zaire was the first to be isolated and studied(1) and it is responsible for the most number of outbreaks(1) including the latest outbreak in 2014 before which E. sudan accounted for  ¼ of all Ebolavirus deaths(1). Except for the slight lower fatality rate, E. sudan is more or less similar to E. zaire. The case fatality rate of E. sudan is reported as 40-60% and that of E. zaire as 60-90% (3). Transmission Ebola is initially transmitted to human as a zoonosis. Various species of fruit bats found throughout central and sub Saharan Africa as hosts (2),( 4). Contact with bats through bites and scratches or exposure to their secretions and excretions through broken skin or mucous membranes can cause the infection in humans (2), (4). The infection can also be transmitted through other end hosts. Those recorded from Africa are forest antelopes, porcupines, chimpanzees, gorillas, monkeys and other non-human primates. Attacks during hunting these animals or handling infected animal carcasses have resulted in the introduction of the virus to the human population from the wild (1).The outbreak of the epidemic begins with the subsequent transmission of the infection from the index case to secondary individuals. An outbreak often begins from a single introduction to a human from the wild, which involves virus variants of little genetic diversity. Records reveal that outbreaks stemmed from multiple introductions lead to distinct chains of human to human transmission with a greater diversity in the virus variants(5). EVD is highly contagious. The infection may spread in the community and in the hospital environment through direct contact with infected body fluids such as blood, secretions and excretions or tissue of an acute patient or through direct contact with contaminated materials like clothes and bed linen(1). One major reason for the rapid spread of the epidemic is the traditional funeral rituals, which include cleansing of the cadaver, removal of hair finger nails, toe nails and clothing. People taking care of infected people including health care staff also have a high risk of contracting the disease. Moreover semen of male survivors is said to remain infectious for up to 82 days after the onset of the symptoms. As long as the virus remains in the body fluids the person remains infectious. Airborne transmission of Ebola virus is strongly suspected but is not yet experimentally proven. Clinical Presentation EVD caused by different strains of Ebola virus bring about different clinical features. Incubation period of Ebola virus is generally considered as 2 – 21 days. (1, 3) Ebola virus disease shows various acutely developing constitutional prodromal symptoms which lead to a wide range of differential diagnosis including not only other viral haemorrhagic fevers, but also malaria (3), typhoid (3), cholera (1), other bacterial rickettsial and even non-infectious causes of haemorrhage. The evolution of the disease resembles that of a severe haemorrhagic fever. Patients present with high fever, temperatures being as high as 39-400C (3, 6), body aches and fatigue (3).Subsequently gastrointestinal symptoms such as epigastric pain nausea, vomits and /or diarrhoea without blood appear if fever persists until day 3 – 5 (6). After 4 – 5 days of illness (4) a macular rash may appear but it may not be clearly noticeable on dark skin (1). After this stage haemorrhage from different sites begin. Bleeding from both upper and lower digestive tract, respiratory tract, urinary tract, vagina in females can be observed (1, 3). Further petechiae on the buccal mucosa, skin and conjunctivae develop. Recurrent episodes of vomiting which prevents any oral intake of fluids and large amounts of watery diarrhoea (5 or more liters per day) (6) contributes to a massive fluid loss leading to dehydration. If fluid replacement is inadequate, prostration, severe lethargy and ultimately hypovolaemic shock follows. Hypovolaemic shock has been reported in 60% of the cases (6). Despite the high body temperatures, patients acquire cold extremities due to peripheral vasoconstriction. Rapid and thready pulses, tachypnea, oliguria or anuria can be observed (6). Simultaneously features such as asthenia chest and abdominal pains, pains in muscles and joints and headaches develop. Although in some cases cough and dyspnea occur due to pulmonary haemorrhages, other respiratory symptoms except for hiccups are uncommon (6). Conjunctival injection is a common clinical feature. Neurologic symptoms that are usually seen are hypoactive and hyperactive delirium characterized by slowed cognitive functions, confusion, agitation and rarely seizures (6). As the disease evolves internal bleeding can also start but generally by this time patients are already in a state of coma (1). It is reported that only 5% of the patients present with haemorrhage from gastro intestinal tract before death. Most of the reported deaths have occurred due to shock during the 7th to 12th day of illness. Symptoms of 40% of the patients have improved around the 10th day though symptoms like oral ulcers and thrush have developed. Most of the patients who survived up to the 13th day have shown a higher chance of ultimately getting recovered. Some patients who showed initial improvement of symptoms have developed neck rigidity and lowered levels of consciousness which are associated with late mortality. Pathology Examination of autopsies and post-mortem biopsies is extremely useful in the study of the pathology of the ebola virus disease. Due to the biosafety risk to the autopsy personnel when handling specimens, pathological descriptions of only a limited number of cases are available (7). A common finding of Haematoxilin and eosine stained tissue sections is oval shaped or filamentous eosinophilic intracellular inclusions which are formed by the aggregation of nucleocapsids of the virus. These inclusions can be detected in macrophages, hepatocytes, endothelial cells, connective tissue fibroblasts etc. Immunohistochemical stains reveal viral antigens in cells of various infected tissues including macrophages, dendritic cells, epithelial cells of sweat and sebaceous glands, interstitial and tubular cells of the kidney, seminiferous tubules, endothelial cells and endocardial cells. In addition necrotic cells and cell debris contain antigens in large quantities. Electron microscopy exhibits abundant free virus particles in alveolar spaces, liver sinusoids, and interstitial cells of the testis and in dermal collagen. Karyorrhexis and apoptosis are seen in the cells of the portal triads, macrophages of the red pulp of the spleen and in the tubular epithelial cells of the ki dney (7). Liver tissue shows the most symptomatic histopathological features including focal or widespread necrosis of hepatocytes and mild steatosis. Although usually inflammation is minimal, hyperplasia of kupfer cells and infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells is seen. Infected lung shows congestion, haemorrhage and intra-alveolar oedema but inflammation is not significant. Mild focal infiltrates of mononuclear inflammatory cells are known to occur in the lamina propria of the stomach small intestine and the colon. Skin biopsies reveal dermal oedema, focal haemorrhages, petechiae, ecchymoses, and macular rashes. The spleen and lymph nodes exhibit widespread lymphoid depletion due to apoptosis and necrosis. Inflammation of the kidney is not evident although acute tubular necrosis is a usual finding. Even though the endocardium of the heart contains viral antigens, the myocardium does not show any significant damage. Brain histology shows panencephalitis and perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes (7). Prevention World Health organization (WHO) has recommended a set of infection prevention and control measures for health-care workers that include precautions that should be taken at different stages of managing EVD patients Standard precautions Regardless of the diagnosis it is recommended for health-care workers to take standard precautions when handling all patients, as it is difficult to identify EVD patients during early stages of the disease. These are, Performing hand hygiene Using disposable gloves before touching materials probable of being contaminated with virus Wearing eye protection and gown before involving in procedures which have a possibility of body fluids being projected. Hand hygiene Hand hygiene must be performed using soap and water or alcohol-based hand rub solution, following WHO recommended technique, before wearing gloves and personal protective equipment (PPE) after an exposure to a patient’s body fluids after a contact with a contaminated surface or equipment after removing PPE. if hands are visibly soiled Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) PPE should be worn before entering EVD patients’ care areas according to the recommended order by WHO and removed before leaving the care area. Contact of a used PPE with any part of the face or non-intact skin should be avoided. The PPE includes, Non-sterile gloves of the correct size Impermeable and disposable gown with long sleeves Face shield Puncture resistant and impermeable closed shoes Patient placement and management Suspected or confirmed EVD patients should be isolated and if possible kept in single rooms. If not they must be placed in beds with at least 1m gap in between. Visitors must be restricted except for those who are needed for the well-being of the patient such as a child’s parent. Management of used equipment and other materials It is recommended that equipment like stethoscopes should be decontaminated and sterilized before reuse, if separate equipment is not available. Parenteral medication equipment, surgical blades, syringes and needles should never be reused. They should be disposed in puncture resistant bins. All non-sharp solid waste should be disposed in to leak-proof bags or bins. Used linen should be collected in leak-proof bags kept at the place of use. They should be washed with water and detergent, rinsed, soaked in 0.05% chlorine for 30 minutes and then dried. All bins must always remain upright and should be sealed when  ¾ full. Before being taken out of the wards the outer surfaces of these containers must be disinfected using 0.5% chlorine. Environmental cleaning Cleaners should wear heavy-duty rubber gloves, and impermeable, puncture proof boots in addition to the PPE. Water and detergent must be used to clean the work surfaces and floors of the hospital. This should be practiced at least once a day. Other contaminated surfaces and objects must be cleaned and disinfected using 0.5% chlorine. Handling of biological material Performing autopsies, post-mortem biopsies and other laboratory tests of tissue samples of EVD confirmed or suspected patients should be minimized and should only be performed by trained personnel. Full PPE must be worn during handling specimens. All specimens should be delivered in clearly labeled, leak-proof, non-breakable, containers with disinfected outer surfaces. Dead bodies must never be washed or embalmed. They should be sealed in double bags, disinfected with 0.5% chlorine and buried promptly. Some cultural and religious rituals can be adapted if needed, but handling of the body must be kept to a minimum and full PPE must be worn at all times. In case of exposure to infected body fluids All current tasks must be safely and immediately stopped and PPE must be removed safely. Affected skin should be washed with soap and water and any affected mucous membranes like conjunctiva should be washed off with a plenty of running water. The person should be checked for fever and other symptoms for 21 days. Pathogenesis Pathogenesis of Ebola virus shows a similarity to that of most of the other filoviruses which involves immunosuppression, increased vascular permeability and coagulopathy (7, 18). Ebola virus enters the host though abrasions of the skin, though mucous membranes or though injection by accident. The virus enters monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells and gets carried away via lymphatics to the circulation. It then spreads to the liver and spleen infecting tissue macrophages and fibroblastic reticular cells. The main cellular targets of the virus are macrophages, dendritic cells and kupfer cells. Ebola virus shows interaction between varieties of cellular proteins which is why the infection is characterized by broad tissue and organ tropism. Immunopathology In most of the viral infections immune system plays a major role in containing the infection from spreading. However the tissues and organs of fatal EVD cases show minimal inflammation, suggesting of impairment in the immune responses. It has been found that structural proteins of filoviruses e.g. VP24 (Virion protein) and VP35 inhibit interferon responses and thus evade the host innate immunity. As previously mentioned, apoptosis of natural killer cells and T lymphocytes is revealed in histopathology which explains the suppression of the adaptive immune responses. As in many severe infections, Ebola virus infection also causes a massive release of pro-inflammatory mediators and vasoactive substances. Even though the pro-inflammatory mediators promote inflammation and coagulation, the systemic spread of the infection is not effectively controlled. This is probably due to the vasodilation mediated by the vasoactive substances. Endothelial dysfunction and coagulopathy The virus invades endothelial cells and endocardial cells and causes injury (18). This results in internal haemorrhage, fluid and electrolyte imbalance and cardiovascular failure. Endothelial damage results in the platelet aggregation and consumption. The increased level of pro-inflammatory factors and the increased production of surface tissue factor protein in infected monocytes and macrophages promote the coagulation cascade. Due to the hepatocellular damage the production of coagulation factors, fibrinogen, protein C and S are also decreased .Collectively this results in disseminated intravascular coagulation. Other socio-economic problems related to Ebola virus epidemics When considering the current outbreak, in addition to the huge number of lives that has been succumbed to the disease, it has created many other critical problems not only in Ebola hit countries, but in other African countries as well. Agriculture has the biggest contribution to the African economy. As many farmers have died of the epidemic and many have abandoned their farmlands in the fear of catching the disease, there is a huge labour shortage in these countries and a fall of food production. An emergence of a food scarcity in the near future is predicted by experts. Chocolate producing companies and many other industries are greatly affected by labour shortage. Nigeria and Ivory Coast are major cacao producing countries but most of the workers are migrants from Liberia and Guinea. International companies like Nestle and Mars have launched education and fundraising programmes to prevent the spread of the infection among cacao workers. Many schools have been closed owing to the deadly infection surging through the country. Besides the impact on education, the feeding programme carried on by the governments for children has come to a standstill as a consequence. Tourism is another sector hit by the epidemic. Even though Africa is a large continent bigger than Europe, USA and China combined; tourists tend to see it as a single country since the Ebola epidemic has emerged. For instance, Tanzania, a famous wild life destination is an East African country, more than 6000 miles away from an Ebola hit land. It is reported that hotels of Tanzania have lost 50% of bookings for 2015 (21). Many African countries refuse to host international events and conferences due to the risk of the Ebola epidemic being introduced. For example, Morocco, the host of African Cup of Nations, which is scheduled to January 2015, requests a postponement. The government says, â€Å"There is no way we can be lenient with the health and safety of the Moroccan citizens† (24).

The Most Appropriate Pricing Technique for Cadbury Essay -- Business M

The Most Appropriate Pricing Technique for Cadbury There are 7 different pricing techniques that are available to Cadbury. 1. First pricing technique is skimming pricing. With skimming pricing, these prices are set very high to take advantage of some peoples desire for a new product or design at any price. Skimming is most effective if demand is inelastic. For e.g. Cadbury put their prices at the same as most of their competitors and at the price their customers are able to pay. 2. Cost plus pricing Pricing methods which are based on the cost structure of Cadbury that are favoured by accountants because they are supposedly more accurate and reliable. Cadbury is trying to maximise it profits. This method works successfully because all costs need to be accurately accounted. In many firms this is a very difficult process which is why the simpler mark-up procedure is used. Cost plus pricing tends to ignore the demand for the product and the competition. 3. Positioning pricing Cadbury uses this method to position prices that are set which reflect the consumers view of the chocolate bean. 4. Demand based pricing Cadbury set their prices based on what they think the consumer is prepared to pay. If they don’t then they wont sell as good as they thought. If they do sell at the customer’s price they will have a good reputation and an output of more customers. 5. Competitive pricing In this situation Cadbury set a price roughly in line with their competitors. This will depend on the type of competition that exists for the chocolate bean. It is particularly the number of seller and the number of buyers. This process works reasonably well if the cost structures of the companies are roughly similar. 6. Discount pricing Cadbury is a competitive market which buyers should be able to obtain goods for less than the advertised price. Many firms can be forced into price-cutting if they are short of cash or need to increase sales quickly. 7. Different pricing Cadbury may change different prices sometimes for the same product at different times. Its prices will be based on the elasticity of demand for the chocolate bean. Which is the most appropriate for this market type? The most appropriate strategy for Cadbury is Cost Plus pricing and Demand based pricing. Cost plus pricing is appropriate because the information is more accurate and reliable which is good... ...ghtly difficult but they have managed due to good marketing strategies. It has distributed its products in many ways even if they have failed in some but they always try to find the right way to distribute their product so their customers stay satisfied. PRODUCER WHOLESALER RETAILER COMSUMER When there are a large number of retailers, Cadbury (the manufactures) will usually deal with a wholesaler who buys in bulk, stores the products and sells them on to the retailer in smaller quantities. A small grocer will usually go to the wholesaler. This is mainly done regularly to avoid the small space. Advantages of long channels - Retailer gains convenience and minimises storage costs - Consumers are able to buy in small quantities from retailers - Goods are available close to where they are needed - Wholesalers provide valuable retailer support services - Transport costs are lower because the producer does not have to make as many deliveries. Disadvantages of long channels - Prices tend to be higher when goods change hands many times; compare prices in the corner shop with those in supermarkets - Producers have less control over the way in which goods are stored and sold